%0 Journal Article
%4 sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21d/2022/07.25.16.45
%2 sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21d/2022/07.25.16.45.20
%@doi 10.3847/1538-4357/ac739e
%@issn 0004-637X
%@issn 1538-4357
%F 20220725
%T An Isolated Stellar-mass Black Hole Detected through Astrometric Microlensing*
%D 2022
%8 July
%9 journal article
%A Sahu, Kailash C.,
%A Anderson, Jay,
%A Casertano, Stefano,
%A Bond, Howard E.,
%A Udalski, Andrzej,
%A Dominik, Martin,
%A Calamida, Annalisa,
%A Bellini, Andrea,
%A Brown, Thomas M.,
%A Rejkuba, Marina,
%A Bajaj, Varun,
%A Kains, Noe,
%A Ferguson, Henry C.,
%A Fryer, Chris L.,
%A Yock, Philip,
%A Mroz, Przemek,
%A Kozlowski, Szymon,
%A Pietrukowicz, Pawel,
%A Poleski, Radek,
%A Skowron, Jan,
%A Soszynski, Igor,
%A Szymanski, Michal K.,
%A Ulaczyk, Krzysztof,
%A Wyrzykowski, Lukasz,
%A Barry, Richard K.,
%A Bennett, David P.,
%A Bond, Ian A.,
%A Hirao, Yuki,
%A Silva, Stela Ishitani,
%A Kondo, Iona,
%A Koshimoto, Naoki,
%A Ranc, Clement,
%A Rattenbury, Nicholas J.,
%A Sumi, Takahiro,
%A Suzuki, Daisuke,
%A Tristram, Paul J.,
%A Vandorou, Aikaterini,
%A Beaulieu, Philippe,
%A Marquette, Jean-Baptiste,
%A Cole, Andrew,
%A Fouque, Pascal,
%A Hill, Kym,
%A Dieters, Stefan,
%A Coutures, Christian,
%A Dominis-Prester, Dijana,
%A Bennett, Clara,
%A Bachelet, Etienne,
%A Menzies, John,
%A Albrow, Michael,
%A Pollard, Karen,
%A Gould, Andrew,
%A Yee, Jennifer C.,
%A Allen, William,
%A Almeida, Leonardo A.,
%A Christie, Grant,
%A Drummond, John,
%A Gal-Yam, Avishay,
%A Gorbikov, Evgeny,
%A Jablonski, Francisco José,
%A Lee, Chung-Uk,
%A Maoz, Dan,
%A Manulis, Ilan,
%A McCormick, Jennie,
%A Natusch, Tim,
%A Pogge, Richard W.,
%A Shvartzvald, Yossi,
%A Jorgensen, Uffe G.,
%A Alsubai, Khalid A.,
%A Andersen,
%A I,
%A Michael,
%A Bozza, Valerio,
%A Novati, Sebastiano Calchi,
%A Burgdorf, Martin,
%A Hinse, Tobias C.,
%A Hundertmark, Markus,
%A Husser, Tim-Oliver,
%A Kerins, Eamonn,
%A Longa-Pena, Penelope,
%A Mancini, Luigi,
%A Penny, Matthew,
%A Rahvar, Sohrab,
%A Ricci, Davide,
%A Sajadian, Sedighe,
%A Skottfelt, Jesper,
%A Snodgrass, Colin,
%A Southworth, John,
%A Tregloan-Reed, Jeremy,
%A Wambsganss, Joachim,
%A Wertz, Olivier,
%A Tsapras, Yiannis,
%A Street, Rachel A.,
%A Bramich, D. M.,
%A Horne, Keith,
%A Steele, Iain A.,
%@affiliation Space Telescope Science Institute
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%@affiliation Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)
%@electronicmailaddress ksahu@stsci.edu
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%@electronicmailaddress fjjablonski@gmail.com
%B Astrophysical Journal
%V 933
%N 1
%P e83
%X We report the first unambiguous detection and mass measurement of an isolated stellar-mass black hole (BH). We used the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to carry out precise astrometry of the source star of the long-duration (t (E) similar or equal to 270 days), high-magnification microlensing event MOA-2011-BLG-191/OGLE-2011-BLG-0462 (hereafter designated as MOA-11-191/OGLE-11-462), in the direction of the Galactic bulge. HST imaging, conducted at eight epochs over an interval of 6 yr, reveals a clear relativistic astrometric deflection of the background star's apparent position. Ground-based photometry of MOA-11-191/OGLE-11-462 shows a parallactic signature of the effect of Earth's motion on the microlensing light curve. Combining the HST astrometry with the ground-based light curve and the derived parallax, we obtain a lens mass of 7.1 +/- 1.3 M (circle dot) and a distance of 1.58 +/- 0.18 kpc. We show that the lens emits no detectable light, which, along with having a mass higher than is possible for a white dwarf or neutron star, confirms its BH nature. Our analysis also provides an absolute proper motion for the BH. The proper motion is offset from the mean motion of Galactic disk stars at similar distances by an amount corresponding to a transverse space velocity of similar to 45 km s(-1), suggesting that the BH received a ``natal kick'' from its supernova explosion. Previous mass determinations for stellar-mass BHs have come from radial velocity measurements of Galactic X-ray binaries and from gravitational radiation emitted by merging BHs in binary systems in external galaxies. Our mass measurement is the first for an isolated stellar-mass BH using any technique.
%@language en
%3 Sahu_2022_ApJ_933_83.pdf